فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1399)

Experience of complex trauma in childhood can lead to significant psychological effects in adulthood. One of such most important effects is maladaptive sense of self. The purpose of this study was to provide a deep understanding regarding the quality of sense of self in Iranian adult clients with a history of complex trauma. The research method employed was interpretive phenomenology, which is a qualitative method. For this purpose, using purposeful sampling, 12 clients (8 females and 4 males), with a history of complex trauma (emotional and physical neglect, and emotional, physical and sexual abuse) who referred to two psychological clinics in Tehran, were selected. In-depth interviews were held to collect data. The interview sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using the seven-stage method of Colaizzi. The two main themes extracted were the central sense of self and coping strategies. The central sense of self included two main categories of maladaptive shame and maladaptive fear. The coping strategies included three main categories of avoidance, feeling angry with oneself, and compensatory behaviors. In the end, the findings were discussed.

The goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral educational program based on body image for sexual satisfaction and functioning for married female university students. The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population of the study included all married female students studying in the faculties of humanities (i.e., Faculties of Psychology and Tributary Sciences; Social Sciences; and Economics) that according to the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), were dissatisfied with their body image. Among these students, 30 of whom getting scores lower than the average on Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire (LSSQ) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were selected (15 subjects were assigned to the experimental group, and 15 subjects were assigned to the control group) to participate in the Cognitive-Behavioral Educational Program. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that after receiving intervention, a significant difference (P<0/001) was found between the experimental and control groups in the rate of increase in sexual satisfaction and functioning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral educational program based on body image and modification of negative body image can be used to increase sexual satisfaction and functioning in married female students who are dissatisfied with their body image.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy for reducing depression, anxiety and stress in parents with autism spectrum children. This research was an experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children who referred to the Tehran April 2 Autism center in 2017-2018. Eighteen mothers with autistic children were selected as the sample and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) was used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA and by following statistical assumptions required for data analysis. The therapeutic program was run in 12 successive sessions for two months, with each session lasting for two hours. The results showed that in the post-test, the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress reduced significantly for mothers in the experimental group compared to their counterparts in the control group. Based on the effectiveness of the Acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group (i.e., mothers with Autistic Children in the experimental group, p < 0.001), this method can be used as a psychological treatment intervention along with other intervention methods.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Hypoventilation Therapy on Emotional processing and Anxiety Sensitivity in women with Panic Disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all panic disorder patients who visited the Seyed Hatami Ardabil Comprehensive Health center in summer and fall of 2018. From them, 30 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly placed into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 4 weeks (12 sessions and 17 minutes each session) of Hypoventilation Therapy, while the control group was just followed during this period. Emotional processing (Baker, Thomas, Thomas, Owens, 2007) and Anxiety Sensitivity (Reiss & Peterson, 1985) questionnaires were used in pre-test, post-test and follow-up as the study instruments. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. The results of comparing post-test scores of the two groups showed that there were significant differences in Emotional processing and Anxiety Sensitivity scores of the intervention group and the control group (p<0.01). Thus, it can be stated that Hypoventilation Therapy reduced Emotional processing and Anxiety Sensitivity in Women with Panic Disorder.

Although compliance is widespread across all medical disciplines, psychiatric disorders face the greatest challenge of increasing their risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of community reentry program on compliance to treatment in patients with schizophrenia.

The statistical population of this study was all of schizophrenia patients admitted to rehabilitation centers in Tehran. Using random sampling method and random appointment with taking and exit criteria from the sample, a sample of 40 patients was selected and in the experimental group (20 persons) and control group (20 persons) were selected. In the beginning of the study, two groups of The views of age and education variables were identical. The experimental group was trained for 16 sessions, under the two-weekly community re-entry program. Subjects in the experimental and control groups responded to the Morisky treatment adherence questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test and follow up stages.

To analyze the data, the u Mann whitney test was used and the findings showed that the patients in the group the community re-entry program showed a significant difference) U:10.500), compared to the control group after the implementation of the program, but after two months of follow up, there was no significant difference (U:70.500), in follow up score between the two groups.

Despite the current limitations, according to the results obtained on effectiveness of the community Re-entry program on improving compliance to treatment for people with schizophrenia, implementation of this program is suggested to empower patients to manage disease and reduce relapse. the implementation of community re-entry programs is recommended for patient empowerment and reduce of relapse.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of therapy by the help of a pet animal with play therapy in school children with behavioral disorders.   The present study was applied regarding its purpose and is semi-experimental with three groups and pre- and post-tests. The statistical population included all male school students who attended to the Education Counseling Center and Mahan Counseling Center and were identified to have behavioral disorders. The sample of the study was divided into one control group and two experimental groups, each including 15 participants with entry criteria, selected based on random sampling. For evaluating behavioral disorders in them, Rutter questionnaire (teacher scale) was used. Ten treatments sessions were held with the involvement of a pet animal for the first experimental group, based on the suggested content materials of Parish-Plus (2016) and Fine (2015). The content materials for play therapy with the second experimental group was developed and presented in 10 treatment sessions based on the suggestions of Cdauson and Sceffer (2010). To test the hypotheses of the study, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were run using SPSS. The results indicated that both therapy methods were effective for reducing behavioral disorders. No significant difference was observed between the two methods regarding the reducing role in behavioral disorders. It seems that both play therapy and therapy with the help of a pet animal had significant effects on reducing behavioral disorders in school children.